Dr Rafael Leal-Arcas taught at the Executive Training Programme for Tomorrow's Energy Decision Makers in Astana, Kazakhstan, on the theme 'Investment Protection Strategies for Enhanced Energy Security in a Rapidly Changing World'. As part of the training programme, Dr Leal-Arcas delivered presentations entitled 'Turning the energy challenge into sustainability as a precursor to a modern energy economy' on 11 June and 'The challenge of securing energy and governing international energy relations in a rapidly changing global landscape' on 12 June 2014.