Norah Gallagher spoke at the 1st International Energy Arbitration Conference in Istanbul on 30th of May, 2013 at Inter Continental Istanbul Hotel. it was organised by the Energy Law Research Institute. The Conference was sponsored and supported by the Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources of the Republic of Turkey as well as The Union of the Chambers and Commodity Exchanges of Turkey. Norah spoke on the final panel on "Assessing Important Milestones in Energy Investment Related Disputes in Arbitration". There was much discussion on Turkey's experience both as a respondent state in investment treaty arbitration as well as Turkish companies being claimant's. Turkey as a result of its experience is well placed to consider the future direction of investment protection in particular in the energy sector.